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Suppose somebody enters a raffle and wins an encyclopedia, then reads numerous of its entries, correcting a lot of their earlier misapprehensions. But unless we're to capitulate to radical skepticism, plainly this sort of luck, too, must be thought of suitable with data. A third method to modal situations on knowledge worthy of mention is the requirement that for a topic to know that p, she must rule out all “relevant alternatives” to p. Significant early proponents of this view embrace Stine 1976, Goldman 1976, and Dretske 1981. The idea behind this method to information is that for a topic to know that p, she must be ready to “rule out” competing hypotheses to p—but that only some subset of all not-p potentialities are “relevant” for data attributions. Knowledge First In support of , Radford emphasizes that Albert thinks he doesn’t know the answer to the question. He doesn’t belief his answer as a end result of he takes it to be a mere guess. In support of , Radford argues th